Changes: Earth Federation Forces (Origin)

Latest revision as of 15:27, 28 August 2022

Main
Origin

The Earth Federation Forces (地球連邦軍 Chikyuu Renpougun^?, abbreviated as E.F.F.) is a faction featured in the Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin manga and its OVA adaptation.

History

The Earth Federation Forces deployed garrisons to each Side in the name of maintaining public order. The Sides were prohibited from developing or acquiring weapons. Despite its self-governing status being recognized by the Federation, Side 3, the Autonomous Republic of Munzo, was not exempt from this.^[1]

GTO EFF HQ — The EFF Brazilia headquarters

Originally the Earth Federation Forces headquarters was located in Brasilia ^[2], but it was moved to Jaburo, an underground base located under the Guiana Highlands, after its completion in U.C. 0078.^[3]

One Year War

One Week Battle

On January 3, 0079 U.C., the Principality of Zeon declared war on the Earth Federation in a bid for Independence. The One Week Battle was the first battle of the one year war in which the lunar cities of Granada and Von Braun was captured by Zeon after the Earth Federation Forces were destroyed. At the same time at Side 2, Hatte, in which the Space Strike Fleet was battling the Hatte Defense Forces. The Earth Federation Forces Second Fleet was in enroute to reinforce the Hatte Defense Forces, but was too late, the Colonies at Side 2 were gased and were used in Operation British.

Battle of Loum

The next major engagement of the One Year War was the Battle of Loum. The battle started on January 23, U.C. 0079, the Tianem Fleet, which consists of the EFSF's Second Fleet led by Admiral Tianem encountered Vice Admiral Dozle of Zeon's Space Strike Fleet at Side 5 Loum. During this engagement, the EFSF's First & Third Fleet aka the Revil Fleet was heading to reinforce the Second Fleet. Dozle Fleet broke off the engagement with the Tianem Fleet and struck the Revil Fleet not only with ships but with Mobile Suits of the Special Assault Regiment, during this battle the Revil Fleet lost it's Flagship Ananke and Admiral Revil was captured and taken as a Prisoner of War (POW).

Rank Insignia

Standard uniform have shoulder patches and collar tabs. High officers also have "diamonds" on cuffs equal number of "diamonds" on shoulder patches and collar tabs. Space suits have collar tabs only.

Ranks			Rank Insignia
Japanese	Space Units	Ground Units	Collar Tabs	Shoulder Patches
High Officers
元帥 (Gensui)	Fleet Admiral	Army General
大将 (Taishō)	Admiral	General
中将 (Chūjō)	Vice Admiral	Lieutenant General
少将 (Shōshō)	Rear Admiral	Major General
准将 (Junshōu)	Commodore	Brigadier General
Senior Officers
大佐 (Taisa)	Captain	Colonel
中佐 (Chūsa)	Commander	Lieutenant Colonel
少佐 (Shōsa)	Lieutenant Commander	Major
Junior Officers
大尉 (Tai-i)	Lieutenant	Captain
中尉 (Chūi)	Lieutenant Junior Grade	First Lieutenant
少尉 (Shōi)	Ensign	Second Lieutenant
准尉 (Jun-i)	Warrant Officer
Non-Commissioned Officer
曹長 (Sōchō)	Master Chief Petty Officer	Sergeant Major
伍長 (Gochō)	Chief Petty Officer	Sergeant
伍長 (Gochō)	Petty Officer	Corporal
Crewmen and Soldiers
上等兵 (Jōtōhei)	Senior Crewman	Senior Private
一等兵 (Ittōhei)	Crewman 1st Class	Private 1st Class
二等兵 (Nitōhei)	Crewman 2nd Class	Private 2nd Class

Notes & Trivia

The uniforms in The Origin related media differ somewhat from their First Gundam counterparts.
- In First Gundam female E.F.S.F. enlistees had dark red boots. In The Origin, all E.F.S.F. members have yellow boots.
- In First Gundam, most E.F.F. officers wore grey uniforms with black shoulders, and higher-ranking officers, such as Revil, wore brown uniforms. In The Origin, the E.F.S.F. are distinguished from the other branches by having their officers wear blue uniforms with black shoulders.
  - Additionally, in the manga, captains like Paolo Cassius wore black uniforms with white shoulders and caps.
  - In the Cucuruz Doan's Island movie, the character Barbara wears a pink uniform with black shoulders.

References

[O17-1] Introduction to the Universal Century I Part 7 Earth Federation Forces Stationed in Munzo

[MSG_ORIGIN4-2] Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin Episode 4, Eve of Destiny

[O41-3] Introduction to the Universal Century IV Part 1 Construction of the Jaburo Base

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox/Gundam/Faction
+|tabs=Earth Federation Forces;Main, Earth Federation Forces (Origin);Origin
 |image=EFF Origin.PNG
 |english=Earth Federation Forces
 |era=Universal Century
-|series=Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (Manga)~1,Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin~1,Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin MSD: Cucuruz Doan's Island
+|series=Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (Manga)~1, Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin~1, Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin MSD: Cucuruz Doan's Island
 |location=Earth, Guardian Banchi~Formerly
 |independent=No
 |parent=Earth Federation (Origin)
-|allies = Anaheim Electronics (Origin)
+|allies=Anaheim Electronics (Origin)
+}}
-}}The {{nihongo|'''Earth Federation Forces'''|地球連邦軍|Chikyuu Renpougun|abbreviated as '''E.F.F.'''}} is a faction featured in the ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (Manga)|Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin]]'' manga and [[Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin|its OVA adaptation]].
+The {{nihongo|'''Earth Federation Forces'''|地球連邦軍|Chikyuu Renpougun|abbreviated as '''E.F.F.'''}} is a faction featured in the ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (Manga)|Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin]]'' manga and [[Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin|its OVA adaptation]].
 ==History==
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 [[File:GTO EFF HQ.jpg|thumb|left|The EFF Brazilia headquarters]]
-Originally the Earth Federation Forces headquarters was located in Brasilia {{ref|MSG ORIGIN|4}}, but it was moved to the Jaburo base after its completion in U.C. 0078.<ref name="O41">[http://www.gundam-the-origin.net/en/world/orientation34.html Introduction to the Universal Century IV Part 1 Construction of the Jaburo Base]</ref>
+Originally the Earth Federation Forces headquarters was located in Brasilia {{ref|MSG ORIGIN|4}}, but it was moved to Jaburo, an underground base located under the Guiana Highlands, after its completion in U.C. 0078.<ref name="O41">[http://www.gundam-the-origin.net/en/world/orientation34.html Introduction to the Universal Century IV Part 1 Construction of the Jaburo Base]</ref>
+===[[One Year War (Origin)|One Year War]]===
+====One Week Battle====
+On January 3, 0079 U.C., the [[Principality of Zeon (Origin)|Principality of Zeon]] declared war on the Earth Federation in a bid for Independence. The [[One Week Battle (Origin)|One Week Battle]] was the first battle of the one year war in which the lunar cities of [[Granada (Origin)|Granada]] and [[Von Braun (Origin)|Von Braun]] was captured by Zeon after the Earth Federation Forces were destroyed. At the same time at Side 2, Hatte, in which the [[Space Strike Fleet]] was battling the [[Hatte (Origin)|Hatte Defense Forces]]. The Earth Federation Forces Second Fleet was in enroute to reinforce the Hatte Defense Forces, but was too late, the Colonies at Side 2 were gased and were used in [[Operation British (Origin)|Operation British]].
+====Battle of Loum====
+The next major engagement of the One Year War was the [[Battle of Loum (Origin)|Battle of Loum]]. The battle started on January 23, U.C. 0079, the [[Tianem Fleet (Origin)|Tianem Fleet]], which consists of the EFSF's Second Fleet led by Admiral Tianem encountered Vice Admiral Dozle of Zeon's Space Strike Fleet at Side 5 Loum. During this engagement, the EFSF's First & Third Fleet aka the Revil Fleet was heading to reinforce the Second Fleet. Dozle Fleet broke off the engagement with the Tianem Fleet and struck the Revil Fleet not only with ships but with Mobile Suits of the [[Special Assault Regiment]], during this battle the Revil Fleet lost it's [[Flagship]] ''Ananke'' and Admiral Revil was captured and taken as a Prisoner of War (POW).
-==Branches of the EFF==
-===Earth Federation Space Force===
-* [[Revil Fleet]] (1st & 3rd Fleets)
-* [[Tianem Fleet]] (2nd Fleet)
-* [[Iron Cavalry Squadron]]
-===Earth Federation Navy===
-===Earth Federation Ground Force===
-===Earth Federation Security Force===
 ==Rank Insignia==
 Standard uniform have shoulder patches and collar tabs. High officers also have "diamonds" on cuffs equal number of "diamonds" on shoulder patches and collar tabs. Space suits have collar tabs only.
-{| border="1" align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width:500px;" class="article-table"
+{| class="article-table" border="1" align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width:500px;"
 ! scope="col" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Ranks
 ! scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Rank Insignia
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"|'''High Officers'''
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|大将<br />(''Taishō'')
+| style="text-align:center;"|元帥<br />(''Gensui'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Admiral
+| style="text-align:center;" |Fleet Admiral
-| style="text-align:center;"|General
+| style="text-align:center;" |Army General
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_ADM_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_FADM_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_ADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_FADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|中将<br />(''Chūjō'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |大将<br />(''Taishō'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Vice Admiral
+| style="text-align:center;" | Admiral
-| style="text-align:center;"|Lieutenant General
+| style="text-align:center;" |General
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_VADM_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_ADM_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_VADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_ADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|少将<br />(''Shōshō'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |中将<br />(''Chūjō'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Rear Admiral
+| style="text-align:center;" |Vice Admiral
-| style="text-align:center;"|Major General
+| style="text-align:center;" |Lieutenant General
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_RADM_Collar_Tab_v2.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_VADM_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_RADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_VADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|准将<br />(''Junshōu'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |少将<br />(''Shōshō'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Commodore
+| style="text-align:center;" |Rear Admiral
-| style="text-align:center;"|Brigadier General
+| style="text-align:center;" |Major General
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_Commodore_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_RADM_Collar_Tab_v2.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_Commodore_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_RADM_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="9"|'''Senior Officers'''
+| style="text-align:center;" |准将<br />(''Junshōu'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |Commodore
+| style="text-align:center;" |Brigadier General
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_Commodore_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_Commodore_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|大佐<br />(Taisa)
+| colspan="9" style="text-align:center;" |'''Senior Officers'''
-| style="text-align:center;"|Captain
-| style="text-align:center;"|Colonel
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_Captain_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Captain_Shoulder_Patch_v3.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|中佐<br />(''Chūsa'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |大佐<br />(Taisa)
-| style="text-align:center;"|Commander
+| style="text-align:center;" |Captain
-| style="text-align:center;"|Lieutenant Colonel
+| style="text-align:center;" | Colonel
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_LtCommander_Collar_Tab_V2.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_Captain_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Commander_Shoulder_Patch_v2.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Captain_Shoulder_Patch_v3.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|少佐<br />(''Shōsa'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |中佐<br />(''Chūsa'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Lieutenant Commander
+| style="text-align:center;" |Commander
-| style="text-align:center;"|Major
+| style="text-align:center;" |Lieutenant Colonel
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_Commander_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_LtCommander_Collar_Tab_V2.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_LieutenantCommander_Shoulder_Patch_v2.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Commander_Shoulder_Patch_v2.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"|'''Junior Officers'''
+| style="text-align:center;" |少佐<br />(''Shōsa'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |Lieutenant Commander
+| style="text-align:center;" |Major
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_Commander_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_LieutenantCommander_Shoulder_Patch_v2.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|大尉<br />(''Tai-i'')
+| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |'''Junior Officers'''
-| style="text-align:center;"|Lieutenant
-| style="text-align:center;"|Captain
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_Lieutenant_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Lieutenant_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|中尉<br />(''Chūi'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |大尉<br />(''Tai-i'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Lieutenant Junior Grade
+| style="text-align:center;" |Lieutenant
-| style="text-align:center;"|First Lieutenant
+| style="text-align:center;" |Captain
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_LieutenantJG_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_Lieutenant_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Lieutenant_Junior_Grade_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Lieutenant_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|少尉<br />(''Shōi'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |中尉<br />(''Chūi'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Ensign
+| style="text-align:center;" |Lieutenant Junior Grade
-| style="text-align:center;"|Second Lieutenant
+| style="text-align:center;" |First Lieutenant
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_Ensign_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_LieutenantJG_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Ensign_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Lieutenant_Junior_Grade_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|准尉<br />(''Jun-i'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |少尉<br />(''Shōi'')
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Warrant Officer
+| style="text-align:center;" |Ensign
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_PettyOfficer_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |Second Lieutenant
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_PO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_Ensign_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Ensign_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"|'''Non-Commissioned Officer'''
+| style="text-align:center;" |准尉<br />(''Jun-i'')
+| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Warrant Officer
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_PettyOfficer_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_PO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|曹長<br />(''Sōchō'')
+| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |'''Non-Commissioned Officer'''
-| style="text-align:center;"|Master Chief Petty Officer
-| style="text-align:center;"|Sergeant Major
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_MCPO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_MCPO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|伍長<br />(''Gochō'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |曹長<br />(''Sōchō'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Chief Petty Officer
+| style="text-align:center;" |Master Chief Petty Officer
-| style="text-align:center;"|Sergeant
+| style="text-align:center;" |Sergeant Major
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_CPO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_MCPO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_CPO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_MCPO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|伍長<br />(''Gochō'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |伍長<br />(''Gochō'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Petty Officer
+| style="text-align:center;" |Chief Petty Officer
-| style="text-align:center;"|Corporal
+| style="text-align:center;" |Sergeant
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_PO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_CPO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_Origin_PO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_CPO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"|'''Crewmen and Soldiers'''
+| style="text-align:center;" |伍長<br />(''Gochō'')
+| style="text-align:center;" |Petty Officer
+| style="text-align:center;" |Corporal
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_PO_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_Origin_PO_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|上等兵<br />(''Jōtōhei'')
+| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |'''Crewmen and Soldiers'''
-| style="text-align:center;"|Senior Crewman
-| style="text-align:center;"|Senior Private
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_SCR_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
-| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|[[File:EFF_CR2_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|一等兵<br />(''Ittōhei)''
+| style="text-align:center;" |上等兵<br />(''Jōtōhei'')
-| style="text-align:center;"|Crewman 1st Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |Senior Crewman
-| style="text-align:center;"|Private 1st Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |Senior Private
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_CR1_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_SCR_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_CR2_Shoulder_Patch.png|thumb|left]]
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;"|二等兵<br />(''Nitōhei)''
+| style="text-align:center;" |一等兵<br />(''Ittōhei)''
-| style="text-align:center;"|Crewman 2nd Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |Crewman 1st Class
-| style="text-align:center;"|Private 2nd Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |Private 1st Class
-| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:EFF_0079_CR2_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_CR1_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
+|-
+| style="text-align:center;" |二等兵<br />(''Nitōhei)''
+| style="text-align:center;" |Crewman 2nd Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |Private 2nd Class
+| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:EFF_0079_CR2_Collar_Tab.png|thumb|left]]
 |}
-==Ships of the Earth Federation Forces==
+==Notes & Trivia==
-*[[Magellan-class/Origin|Magellan-class]]
+*The uniforms in ''The Origin'' related media differ somewhat from their ''First Gundam'' counterparts.
-**[[Ananke]]
+**In ''First Gundam'' female E.F.S.F. enlistees had dark red boots. In ''The Origin'', all E.F.S.F. members have yellow boots.
-*[[Salamis-class/Origin|Salamis-class]]
+**In ''First Gundam'', most E.F.F. officers wore grey uniforms with black shoulders, and higher-ranking officers, such as Revil, wore brown uniforms. In ''The Origin'', the E.F.S.F. are distinguished from the other branches by having their officers wear blue uniforms with black shoulders.
-*[[Lepanto-class]]
+***Additionally, in the manga, captains like [[Paolo Cassius (Origin)|Paolo Cassius]] wore black uniforms with white shoulders and caps.
-*[[Columbus-class/Origin|Columbus-class]]
+***In the ''Cucuruz Doan's Island'' movie, the character [[Barbara]] wears a pink uniform with black shoulders.
-*[[Pegasus-class/Origin|Pegasus-class]]
-**[[White Base/Origin|White Base]]
 ==References==