Mobile Suit Gundam

Mobile Suit Gundam (機動戦士ガンダム, Kidō Senshi Gundam) is a televised anime series written and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino and made up of 43 episodes aired in 1979.

The series was later re-edited for theatrical release and split into three movies in 1981. The idea of Mobile Suit came from the powered suit of Starship Troopers, although the story otherwise bears little resemblance to that novel. Yoshikazu Yasuhiko did the character designs and Kunio Okawara was responsible for the mechanical designs, including the titular giant robot, the RX-78-2 Gundam.

Synopsis
Universal Century 0079: The Principality of Zeon has declared its independence from the Earth Federation, and subsequently launched a massive war of independence, a war which has raged in every continent on earth and in nearly every space colony and lunar settlement. The Zeon have the upper hand through their use of a revolutionary new type of weapon, their humanoid like mobile suits. When a Zeon recon team disobey mission orders and begin attacking Side 7 its citizens stumble across the Federations latest weapon: the Gundam. With the aid of Earth Federation soldiers stationed aboard the MS carrier White Base the newly formed crew of refugees set out to change the course of the One Year War &mdash; or die trying.

Background
The series was not popular when it first aired, and was in fact canceled before the series was intended to end. The series was originally set to run for 52 episodes and was cut down to 39 by the show's sponsors, which included the original toy-makers for the series. Luckily, the staff was able to negotiate a one month extension to end the series with 43 episodes.

When Bandai received the licensing to the show's mecha, however, things changed completely. With the introduction of their line of Gundam models, the popularity of the show began to soar. The models sold very well, and the show began to do very well in reruns and even better in its theatrical compilation. Audiences were expecting another giant robot show, and instead found MS Gundam, the first work of anime in an entirely new genre, the mecha drama or the 'real robot' genre as opposed to the 'super robot' genre. Much like the original Star Trek, the original Gundam was not appreciated by its initial audience, and also like Star Trek, proceeded to spawn a massive sci-fi franchise, spawning numerous sequels, model kits, and video-games up to the present day.

Mobile Suit Gundam premiered on Monday, July 23, 2001 on Cartoon Network's Toonami in the US. It did very well, but it was later canceled before the entire series was shown. This was due to the September 11, 2001 attacks occurring. Immediately following the attacks Cartoon Network, and many other stations, began pulling war-themed content and violent programming as well. Although Cowboy Bebop came back before too long, Mobile Suit Gundam did not. . However, the last episodes was shown as part of Toonami's "New Year's Eve-il" special on December 31, 2001. It is sometimes stated that MSG was canceled "because" of the September 11, 2001 attacks. While this is likely why it was taken off initially, it is not sufficient to explain why the show didn't return. Aside from fan speculation, the source of this meme seems to be an anonymous report which appeared on the fan-site gundam.com on September 14, purporting to summarize an internal Cartoon Network memo. This report can be seen in The Internet Wayback Machine.

On Saturday, June 8, 2002 the series was given another chance by Cartoon Network in their late-night Adult Swim block, but it was again pulled before completing its run.

In both American TV showings, and on the American DVD release, Episode 15: Cucuruz Doan's Island was cut out. It was felt, even by Tomino, that this episode was not up to par with the rest of the series and so it was never dubbed, making it into a "lost episode" of sorts.

Novel
In 1979, before the end of the anime, Yoshiyuki Tomino himself created the first novelizations of the original Gundam anime series. The novels, issued as a series of three books, allowed him to depict his story in a more sophisticated, adult, and detailed fashion. The biggest difference between the anime series and the novels is that in the latter Amuro Ray is killed in the final attack against the Zeonic stronghold of A Baoa Qu by a stray shot of bazooka from a Rick Dom. Char Aznable and the crew of Pegasus II (White Base), along with handpicked men under Kycilia Zabi's command, make a deep penetrating attack against the Side 3 and together kill Gihren Zabi, after which Kycilia is killed by Char. Tomino later lamented that had he known that anime ending would be different and that another series would be made, he would not have killed off Amuro in the novels. Because of such significant deviations from the animated series, movies, and subsequent sequels the novels themselves are not considered official, however, the detailed account of past events leading up to the introduction of the mobile suit and early skirmishes of the OYW are more or less accepted in the continuity. Nonetheless, they are often enjoyed by fans because they provide a great deal of detail and help explain the philosophical underpinnings of the Gundam series.

The three novels were translated into English by Frederik Schodt and published by Del Rey Books in September, 1990. At the time, there were no officially recognized romanizations of character and mecha names, and a variety of different spellings were being used in the English-language fan community. In the original three novels, therefore, Mr. Schodt wrote the name "Char" as "Sha." "Sha" is a transliteration of the Japanese pronunciation, although Mr. Tomino later publicly confirmed at Anime Expo New York 2002 that the name was originally based on the French name Charles Aznavour, a 1970s lounge singer. (Interestingly, the 2004 edition of the English translation revealed that Schodt felt that the "Char" rendering "seemed too close" to Aznavour's name.) He also rendered "Zaku" as "Zak," and (after consulting with Mr. Tomino) "Jion" as "Zeon," instead of "Zion," which was in use in some circles. Some North American fans, already attached to particular spellings, took great umbrage at Schodt's renditions, forgetting that in the original Japanese most character and mecha names are in a phonetic script known as katakana, and that there were, therefore, no "official spellings." Many years later, when the Gundam series was finally licensed in North America, the rights holders did come up with a unified list of "official spellings" for English-language material, and some of these spellings include Schodt's renditions, as well as the renditions to which certain North American fans were attached.

In 2004, Frederik Schodt revised his original translation of the books, which had been out of print for nearly a decade. What had been a three volume set in the 1990 Del Rey edition was re-released by Stone Bridge Press as one single volume of 476 pages (with a vastly improved cover design), titled Mobile Suit Gundam: Awakening, Escalation, Confrontation. Since the rights holders in Japan by this time had created a unified (although still evolving) list of romanized character and mecha names, Schodt was able to use it, and Amuro's rival in the novel thus became "Char" and not "Sha"; the popular Zeon Mobile Suit, similarly, became "Zaku," and not "Zak". [Source: Frederik L. Schodt]

Compilation Movies
Following the success of the Mobile Suit Gundam TV series, Yoshiyuki Tomino returned in 1981 and reworked the footage into three separate compilation movies. The first two movies, Mobile Suit Gundam(機動戦士ガンダムⅠ) and Mobile Suit Gundam: Soldiers of Sorrow(機動戦士ガンダムⅡ哀・戦士編,Kidō Senshi Gundam II: Ai Senshi), were released in 1981. The third movie, Mobile Suit Gundam: Encounters in Space(機動戦士ガンダムⅢ　めぐりあい宇宙編,Kidō Senshi Gundam III: Meguriai Sora), was released in 1982.

Each of the three movies are largely composed of old footage from the TV series, however Tomino felt that some things could be changed for the better. Tomino removed several aspects of the show which he felt were still too super robot-esque for the real robot series he intended Gundam to be, such as the Gundam Hammer weapon. The G-Armor upgrade parts were also completely removed and replaced in the narrative by the more realistic Core Booster support fighters, and Hayato receives a Guncannon at Jaburo to replace the disadvantaged Guntank. The third movie also includes a substantial amount of new footage expanding on the battles of Solomon and A Baoa Qu.

The three compilation movies were released originally dubbed in English in the late 1990s to the early 2000s, with a different vocal cast than the English TV show dub, direct to VHS. They then were released again both separately and in a DVD box set in America on May 7, 2002. However, the DVD is only available in Japanese audio with English subtitles. This DVD boxset is identical to the 20th anniversary release of the movie compilation DVDs. The original voice cast members rerecorded their lines with the exception of those who were deceased. The 20th anniversary release is digitally remastered but many of the sound effects are replaced, most notably the futuristic gun sounds being replaced by louder machine gun sound effects. Also, the music soundtrack, while not remixed is rearranged and in some cases removed from some scenes. The vocal songs are rearranged also, especially in the closing credits of the second and third movies. These changes, which were supervised by Tomino, have been criticized by fans.

Manga
Over the years two separate manga have been published that closely follow the events of the anime, namely Mobile Suit Gundam 0079 and Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin. Mobile Suit Gundam 0079 is a direct interpretation of the events in the anime in manga form, However Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin is a reinterpretation of some of the events with the inclusion of Char's backstory to help explain some of his actions in the anime. Both were published in English by Viz Communications but ultimately dropped before their run could be completed.

Earth Federation

 * Amuro Ray
 * Bright Noa
 * Fraw Bow
 * General Revil
 * Admiral Tianem
 * Admiral Watkein
 * Oscar Dublin
 * Omar Fang
 * Marker Clan
 * Sunmalo
 * Job John
 * Haro
 * Hayato Kobayashi
 * Kai Shiden
 * Matilda Ajan
 * Mirai Yashima
 * Ryu Jose
 * Sayla Mass
 * Sleggar Law
 * Tem Ray
 * Gopp
 * Woody Malden
 * Mosk Han
 * Antonio Callas
 * Korin
 * Humrau
 * Elran
 * Tamura
 * Camilla
 * Paolo Cassius
 * Reed
 * Vammas
 * Maximilian
 * Seki
 * Shin
 * Kal



Principality of Zeon

 * Char Aznable
 * Crowley Hamon
 * Degwin Sodo Zabi
 * Dozle Zabi
 * Garma Zabi
 * Gihren Zabi
 * Kycilia Zabi
 * Lalah Sune
 * M'Quve
 * Ramba Ral
 * Jimba Ral
 * Black Tri-Stars
 * Challia Bull
 * Akahana
 * Cecilia Irene
 * Ivanov
 * Barom
 * Braskinev
 * Denim
 * Dren
 * Conscon
 * Tachi
 * Slender
 * Cucuruz Doan
 * Cozun Graham
 * Cuaran
 * Connolly
 * Zeygan
 * Vatsham
 * Uragang
 * Vice
 * Twanning
 * Torgan
 * Tokwan
 * Stetch
 * Sol
 * Smith Onizawa
 * Simus Al Bakharov
 * Sagred
 * Ross
 * Rio Marini
 * Carioca
 * Madison
 * Mulligan
 * Callaha
 * Gene
 * Gadem
 * Judock
 * Crown
 * Acous
 * Asakura
 * Dimitri
 * Giyal
 * Darota
 * Sol
 * Fix
 * Kohm
 * J.Q.
 * Clamp

Civilians

 * Persia
 * Coaly
 * Kamaria Ray
 * Icelina Eschonbach
 * Joseph Eschonbach
 * Rolland Chuan
 * Chiyo
 * Kum
 * Fam Bow
 * Smith
 * Pero
 * Cameron Bloom
 * Bergamino
 * Milly Ratokie
 * Jill Ratokie

Support Units

 * Magella Attack Tank
 * Cui Personnel Carrier
 * Samson
 * Sealance Ferry Speedboat
 * Sodon-Class Space Tugboat
 * Dopp Fighter
 * Dodai YS Bomber
 * Luggun Reconnaissance Plane
 * Fat Uncle
 * Gattle
 * Komyu
 * Wappa
 * Gaw Atmospheric Attack Carrier
 * Jicco Assault Boat
 * Komusai
 * Dabude-Class Land Battleship
 * Gallop-Class Land Battleship
 * Jukon-Class Combat Submarine
 * Mad Angler-Class Submarine Tender
 * Prober-Class Reconnaissance Submarine
 * Chivvay-Class Heavy Cruiser
 * Dolos-Class Heavy Carrier Ship
 * Gwazine-Class Battleship
 * Musai-Class Light Cruiser
 * Papua-Class Supply Ship
 * Pazock-Class Transport Ship
 * Zanzibar-Class Mobile Cruiser

Mobile Suits

 * MS-05B Zaku I
 * MS-06F Zaku II
 * MS-06S Zaku II Commander Type
 * MS-07B Gouf
 * MS-09 Dom
 * MS-09R Rick Dom
 * MS-14 Gelgoog
 * MS-14S Gelgoog Commander Type
 * MSM-03 Gogg
 * MSM-04 Acguy
 * MSM-07 Z'Gok
 * MSM-07S Z'Gok Commander Type
 * MSM-10 Zock
 * MSN-02 Zeong
 * YMS-15 Gyan

Mobile Armor

 * MA-04X Zakrello
 * MA-05 Bigro
 * MA-08 Big Zam
 * MAM-07 Grabro
 * MAN-03 Braw Bro
 * MAN-08 Elmeth
 * MAX-03 Adzam

Support Units

 * Space Launch
 * Type 61 Tank
 * Depp Rog Heavy Bomber
 * Dish Patrol Aircraft
 * Don Escargot Attack Plane
 * Dragon Fly Ferry Plane
 * Fanfan Hovercraft
 * FF-4 Toriares Fighter
 * FF-S3 Saberfish
 * FF-X7 Core Fighter
 * FF-X7-Bst Core Booster
 * Fly Manta Fighter-Bomber
 * Gunperry Transport Plane
 * Medea Transport Plane
 * Big Tray-Class Land Battleship
 * Himalaya-Class Aircraft Carrier
 * Columbus-class
 * Salamis-Class Cruiser
 * Magellan-Class Battleship
 * Pegasus-Class Assault Carrier (White Base)
 * Public-Class Assault Ship

Mobile Suits

 * RGM-79 GM
 * RX-77-2 Guncannon
 * RX-78-2 Gundam
 * RX-78-2 Gundam + B-Parts
 * RX-75-4 Guntank

Mobile Pod

 * RB-79 Ball

Mobile Armor

 * G-Armor
 * G-Bull
 * G-Bull Easy
 * G-Fighter
 * G-Sky
 * G-Sky Easy

Vehicles and Support Units

 * Space Boat "Hulke"
 * TV Space Boat

Soundtrack

 * Tobe! Gundam (Fly! Gundam) by Koh Ikeda (TV series opening)
 * Pathetic, but Decisive
 * Eien Ni Amuro (Forever Amuro) by Koh Ikeda (TV series ending)
 * Suna no Juujika (Cross of Sand) by Takajin Yashiki (Movie I ending)
 * Ai Senshi (Soldiers of Sorrow) by Daisuke Inoue (Movie II: Soldiers of Sorrow ending)
 * Meguriai (Encounters) by Daisuke Inoue (Movie III: Encounters in Space ending)

Note: On Cartoon Network's Toonami and Adult Swim airings, :45 opening and ending sequences were used in place of the Japanese TV openings and endings. These opening and ending sequences are also used in the Bandai releases from Volume 4-10.

Trivia

 * The reason that the episode "Kukurus Doan's Island" was cut from the English-Language version of Gundam was that it was cut at the request of Yoshiyuki Tomino himself. He felt that the episode's story was substandard, and it is doubtful that should a Japanese-Language DVD be completed, the episode would appear there either.


 * Tomino's original concept for the series was much darker, with Amuro dying halfway through the series, and the crew of the White Base having to ally with Char (who's given a red Gundam, no less), but finally having to battle him after he takes control of the Principality of Zeon. The original concept found expression in a series of novels written by Tomino soon after the show's conclusion, and elements of the storyline weaved themselves into Z Gundam and Gundam: Char's Counterattack.


 * Originally, the design for the Gundam by Tomino and Kunio Okawara had the Gundam colored a uniform low-visibility gray. The show's sponsors, looking for a marketable toy line, prevailed upon the two to give the Gundam its arresting (if illogical) white, red, blue and gold scheme. A later retcon explained the colours by making them a demonstration/test scheme that was never repainted. In the novels, Amuro's first Gundam was completely white with some red, supposedly reminiscent of an X-Wing colour scheme, and instead of the Gundam being upgraded with magnetic coated joints, Amuro was simply given a new one - the G3, which was coloured a uniform low-visibility gray.


 * The final episodes (encompassing the battles of Solomon and A Bao a Q) were originally planned to be more elaborate, with exotic Zeon mecha defending the fortresses. Budget cuts scrapped the episodes (and the designs) although at least two (the Dom-like Dowdage and Gelgoog-Like Galbaldy) do become resurrected for Z Gundam and Gundam ZZ.


 * This is the only non OVA Gundam series not to change it's intro halfway through.
 * This original series of Gundam universe won the Animage's Anime Grand Prix Award twice, which is in 1979 and 1980, the first and second year the award was held.

Manga & Novels

 * Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (Manga)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam (Novel)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Awakening, Escalation, Confrontation
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 0079
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Side Story 0079
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Side Story 0079 (Vol. EFSF)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Side Story 0079 (Vol. Zeon)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt
 * Developers: Mobile Suit Gundam Before One Year War
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Secret Rendezvous
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: MS Generation
 * For the Barrel
 * Gaia Gear
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Hunter of Black Clothes
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Far East Japan
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: The Nameless Battlefield
 * After Jabro


 * List of Gundam series

Variation models: Mobile Suit Variations, Mobile Suit X